Dr. Christine Rinehart

University of South Carolina

Bio

Dr. Sixta Rinehart is Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina Palmetto College. She is the author of Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism: The Radicalization of Change (2012), Drones and Targeted Killing in the Middle East and Africa (2016), and Sexual Jihad: The Role of Islam in Female Terrorism (2019). Her research focuses on terrorism, counterterrorism, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), jihadist movements, political violence, and U.S. foreign policy.

After the Fall: The Fragmentation, Exile, and Rebirth of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood

Abstract

Since the 2013 military coup, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood has transformed from a centralized opposition movement into a fragmented, transnational network operating through exile communities and digital platforms. Drawing on open-source data, scholarly research, and media analysis, this paper examines how the Brotherhood has adapted to repression, leadership fragmentation, changing U.S. policy, and shifting regional geopolitics. It argues that organizational adaptation, rather than collapse, best explains the movement's continued political relevance.